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Brain Scans Can Display Mental Models of Others

Rick Nauert PhD
Brain Scans Can Display Mental Models of Others
By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on March 6, 2013

Fascinating new research discovers it is possible to tell who a person is thinking about by analyzing images of his or her brain. Neuroscientists f rom Cornell University discovered that advanced imaging techniques can display the unique patterns of brain activation that occur when we think of others. “When we looked at our data, we were shocked that we could successf ully decode who our participants were thinking about based on their brain activity,” said Nathan Spreng, Ph.D., assistant prof essor of human development in Cornell’s College of Human Ecology. Experts say that while everyone agrees that understanding and predicting the behavior of others is a key to managing lif e circumstances, little is known about how the brain actually models the enduring personality traits that may drive others’ behavior. The ability to predict behaviors helps us anticipate how someone will act in a situation that may not have happened bef ore. In an ef f ort to learn more about this innate ability, researchers asked 19 young adults to learn about the personalities of f our people who dif f ered on key personality traits. Participants were given dif f erent scenarios (i.e. sitting on a bus when an elderly person gets on and there are no seats) and asked to imagine how a specif ied person would respond. During the task, their brains were scanned using f unctional magnetic resonance imaging (f MRI), which measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood f low.

Investigators f ound that dif f erent patterns of brain activity in the medial pref rontal cortex (mPFC) were associated with each of the f our dif f erent personalities. In other words, which person was being imagined could be accurately identif ied based solely on the brain activation pattern.

The results suggest that the brain codes the personality traits of others in distinct brain regions and this inf ormation is integrated in the medial pref rontal cortex (mPFC) to produce an overall personality model used to plan social interactions, the authors say. “Prior research has implicated the anterior mPFC in social cognition disorders such as autism and our results suggest people with such disorders may have an inability to build accurate personality models,” said Spreng. “If f urther research bears this out, we may ultimately be able to identif y specif ic brain activation biomarkers not only f or diagnosing such diseases, but f or monitoring the ef f ects of intervention.

APA Reference
(Nauert PhD, R. (2013). Brain Scans Can Display Mental Models of Others. Psych Central. Retrieved on
March 6, 2013, f rom http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/03/06/brain-scans-can-display-mental-modelsof
-others/52268.html)

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